Qt 5.6 | Qt Quick | Scene Graph - Painted Item

Qt 5.6.2 Reference Documentation

# Scene Graph - Painted Item

The Painted Item example shows how to use the QML Scene Graph framework to implement custom scenegraph items using QPainter.

The QQuickPaintedItem class is a class derived from QQuickItem for implementing custom QML Scene Graph items using the QPainter interfaces.

The example consists of an item class, a plugin class and a QML file to use this plugin. The `TextBalloon` class represents the individual text balloons extending QQuickPaintedItem, the `TextBalloonPlugin` class represents the skeleton code for a Qt Quick plugin and the `textballoons.qml` file is used to load the plugin and display the text balloons.

We will focus on the `TextBalloon` class first and continue with the `textballoons.qml` file. For an example on how to implement a Qt Quick plugin please look at Writing an Extension Plugin

## TextBalloon Class Declaration

The `TextBalloon` class inherits from QQuickPaintedItem. QQuickPaintedItem is the base class for all QPainter based items in the QML Scene Graph framework.

      class TextBalloon : public QQuickPaintedItem
      {
          Q_OBJECT
          Q_PROPERTY(bool rightAligned READ isRightAligned WRITE setRightAligned NOTIFY rightAlignedChanged)

          public:
              TextBalloon(QQuickItem *parent = 0);
              void paint(QPainter *painter);

              bool isRightAligned();
              void setRightAligned(bool rightAligned);

          private:
              bool rightAligned;

          signals:
              void rightAlignedChanged();
      };

To implement a QQuickPaintedItem you must implement QQuickPaintedIem's pure virtual function paint() which implements the painting of the type.

## TextBalloon Class Definition

We have to be sure to initialize the rightAligned property for a TextBalloon item.

      TextBalloon::TextBalloon(QQuickItem *parent)
          : QQuickPaintedItem(parent)
          , rightAligned(false)
      {
      }

Then we implement the `paint()` function which is automatically called by the Scene Graph framework to paint the contents of the item. The function paints the item in local coordinates.

      void TextBalloon::paint(QPainter *painter)
      {
          QBrush brush(QColor("#007430"));

          painter->setBrush(brush);
          painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
          painter->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

          painter->drawRoundedRect(0, 0, boundingRect().width(), boundingRect().height() - 10, 10, 10);

          if (rightAligned)
          {
              const QPointF points[3] = {
                  QPointF(boundingRect().width() - 10.0, boundingRect().height() - 10.0),
                  QPointF(boundingRect().width() - 20.0, boundingRect().height()),
                  QPointF(boundingRect().width() - 30.0, boundingRect().height() - 10.0),
              };
              painter->drawConvexPolygon(points, 3);
          }
          else
          {
              const QPointF points[3] = {
                  QPointF(10.0, boundingRect().height() - 10.0),
                  QPointF(20.0, boundingRect().height()),
                  QPointF(30.0, boundingRect().height() - 10.0),
              };
              painter->drawConvexPolygon(points, 3);
          }
      }

We start with setting the pen and brush on the item to define the look of the item. After that we start drawing. Note that the contentsBoundingRect() item is called to draw depending on the size of the item. The rectangle returned by the contentsBoundingRect() function is the size of the item as defined in the QML file.

## Textballoons.qml File

The Interface consists of two main parts. The scrollable area with the textballoons and the controls button to add new balloons.

### BalloonView

      ListModel {
          id: balloonModel
          ListElement {
              balloonWidth: 200
          }
          ListElement {
              balloonWidth: 120
          }
      }

      ListView {
          anchors.bottom: controls.top
          anchors.bottomMargin: 2
          anchors.top: parent.top
          id: balloonView
          delegate: TextBalloon {
              anchors.right: index % 2 == 0 ? undefined : parent.right
              height: 60
              rightAligned: index % 2 == 0 ? false : true
              width: balloonWidth
          }
          model: balloonModel
          spacing: 5
          width: parent.width
      }

The balloonModel contains two types at application start which will be displayed by the balloonView. The balloonView alernates the TextBalloon delegate items between left-aligned and right-aligned.

### Controls

      Rectangle {
          id: controls

          anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
          anchors.left: parent.left
          anchors.margins: 1
          anchors.right: parent.right
          border.width: 2
          color: "white"
          height: parent.height * 0.15

          Text {
              anchors.centerIn: parent
              text: "Add another balloon"
          }

          MouseArea {
              anchors.fill: parent
              hoverEnabled: true
              onClicked: {
                  balloonModel.append({"balloonWidth": Math.floor(Math.random() * 200 + 100)})
                  balloonView.positionViewAtIndex(balloonView.count -1, ListView.End)
              }
              onEntered: {
                  parent.color = "#8ac953"
              }
              onExited: {
                  parent.color = "white"
              }
          }
      }

The controls part of the UI contains a rectangle with a MouseArea which changes color when the mouse hovers over it. This control 'button' adds a new object to the end of the model with a random width.

Files:

- customitems/painteditem/textballoon.cpp
- customitems/painteditem/textballoon.h
- customitems/painteditem/textballoons.qml
- customitems/painteditem/TextBalloonPlugin/plugin.h
- customitems/painteditem/painteditem.pro
- customitems/painteditem/painteditem.qrc
- customitems/painteditem/TextBalloonPlugin/qmldir