Qt 5.6 | Qt GUI | C++ Classes | QOpenGLContext

Qt 5.6.2 Reference Documentation

# QOpenGLContext Class

The QOpenGLContext class represents a native OpenGL context, enabling OpenGL rendering on a QSurface. More...

Header: | #include <QOpenGLContext>
qmake: | QT += gui
Since: | Qt 5.0

- List of all members, including inherited members

## Public Types

enum | OpenGLModuleType { LibGL, LibGLES }

## Public Functions

| QOpenGLContext(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)
| ~QOpenGLContext()
bool | create()
GLuint | defaultFramebufferObject() const
void | doneCurrent()
QSet<QByteArray> | extensions() const
QOpenGLExtraFunctions * | extraFunctions() const
QSurfaceFormat | format() const
QOpenGLFunctions * | functions() const
QFunctionPointer | getProcAddress(const QByteArray &procName) const
bool | hasExtension(const QByteArray &extension) const
bool | isOpenGLES() const
bool | isValid() const
bool | makeCurrent(QSurface *surface)
QVariant | nativeHandle() const
QScreen * | screen() const
void | setFormat(const QSurfaceFormat &format)
void | setNativeHandle(const QVariant &handle)
void | setScreen(QScreen *screen)
void | setShareContext(QOpenGLContext *shareContext)
QOpenGLContext * | shareContext() const
QOpenGLContextGroup * | shareGroup() const
QSurface * | surface() const
void | swapBuffers(QSurface *surface)
QAbstractOpenGLFunctions * | versionFunctions(const QOpenGLVersionProfile &versionProfile = QOpenGLVersionProfile()) const
TYPE * | versionFunctions() const

## Signals

void | aboutToBeDestroyed()

## Static Public Members

bool | areSharing(QOpenGLContext *first, QOpenGLContext *second)
QOpenGLContext * | currentContext()
QOpenGLContext * | globalShareContext()
void * | openGLModuleHandle()
OpenGLModuleType | openGLModuleType()
bool | supportsThreadedOpenGL()

## Detailed Description

The QOpenGLContext class represents a native OpenGL context, enabling OpenGL rendering on a QSurface.

QOpenGLContext represents the OpenGL state of an underlying OpenGL context. To set up a context, set its screen and format such that they match those of the surface or surfaces with which the context is meant to be used, if necessary make it share resources with other contexts with setShareContext(), and finally call create(). Use the return value or isValid() to check if the context was successfully initialized.

A context can be made current against a given surface by calling makeCurrent(). When OpenGL rendering is done, call swapBuffers() to swap the front and back buffers of the surface, so that the newly rendered content becomes visible. To be able to support certain platforms, QOpenGLContext requires that you call makeCurrent() again before starting rendering a new frame, after calling swapBuffers().

If the context is temporarily not needed, such as when the application is not rendering, it can be useful to delete it in order to free resources. You can connect to the aboutToBeDestroyed() signal to clean up any resources that have been allocated with different ownership from the QOpenGLContext itself.

Once a QOpenGLContext has been made current, you can render to it in a platform independent way by using Qt's OpenGL enablers such as QOpenGLFunctions, QOpenGLBuffer, QOpenGLShaderProgram, and QOpenGLFramebufferObject. It is also possible to use the platform's OpenGL API directly, without using the Qt enablers, although potentially at the cost of portability. The latter is necessary when wanting to use OpenGL 1.x or OpenGL ES 1.x.

For more information about the OpenGL API, refer to the official OpenGL documentation.

For an example of how to use QOpenGLContext see the OpenGL Window example.

### Thread Affinity

QOpenGLContext can be moved to a different thread with moveToThread(). Do not call makeCurrent() from a different thread than the one to which the QOpenGLContext object belongs. A context can only be current in one thread and against one surface at a time, and a thread only has one context current at a time.

### Context Resource Sharing

Resources, such as framebuffer objects, textures, and vertex buffer objects can be shared between contexts. Use setShareContext() before calling create() to specify that the contexts should share these resources. QOpenGLContext internally keeps track of a QOpenGLContextGroup object which can be accessed with shareGroup(), and which can be used to find all the contexts in a given share group. A share group consists of all contexts that have been successfully initialized and are sharing with an existing context in the share group. A non-sharing context has a share group consisting of a single context.

### Default Framebuffer

On certain platforms, a framebuffer other than 0 might be the default frame buffer depending on the current surface. Instead of calling glBindFramebuffer(0), it is recommended that you use glBindFramebuffer(ctx->defaultFramebufferObject()), to ensure that your application is portable between different platforms. However, if you use QOpenGLFunctions::glBindFramebuffer(), this is done automatically for you.

See also QOpenGLFunctions, QOpenGLBuffer, QOpenGLShaderProgram, and QOpenGLFramebufferObject.

## Member Type Documentation

### enum QOpenGLContext::OpenGLModuleType

This enum defines the type of the underlying OpenGL implementation.

Constant | Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`QOpenGLContext::LibGL` | `0` | OpenGL
`QOpenGLContext::LibGLES` | `1` | OpenGL ES 2.0 or higher

This enum was introduced or modified in Qt 5.3.

## Member Function Documentation

### QOpenGLContext::QOpenGLContext(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)

Creates a new OpenGL context instance with parent object parent.

Before it can be used you need to set the proper format and call create().

See also create() and makeCurrent().

### QOpenGLContext::~QOpenGLContext()

Destroys the QOpenGLContext object.

If this is the current context for the thread, doneCurrent() is also called.

### `[signal]` void QOpenGLContext::aboutToBeDestroyed()

This signal is emitted before the underlying native OpenGL context is destroyed, such that users may clean up OpenGL resources that might otherwise be left dangling in the case of shared OpenGL contexts.

If you wish to make the context current in order to do clean-up, make sure to only connect to the signal using a direct connection.

### `[static]` bool QOpenGLContext::areSharing(QOpenGLContext *first, QOpenGLContext *second)

Returns `true` if the first and second contexts are sharing OpenGL resources.

### bool QOpenGLContext::create()

Attempts to create the OpenGL context with the current configuration.

The current configuration includes the format, the share context, and the screen.

If the OpenGL implementation on your system does not support the requested version of OpenGL context, then QOpenGLContext will try to create the closest matching version. The actual created context properties can be queried using the QSurfaceFormat returned by the format() function. For example, if you request a context that supports OpenGL 4.3 Core profile but the driver and/or hardware only supports version 3.2 Core profile contexts then you will get a 3.2 Core profile context.

Returns `true` if the native context was successfully created and is ready to be used with makeCurrent(), swapBuffers(), etc.

Note: If the context already exists, this function destroys the existing context first, and then creates a new one.

See also makeCurrent() and format().

### `[static]` QOpenGLContext *QOpenGLContext::currentContext()

Returns the last context which called makeCurrent in the current thread, or 0, if no context is current.

### GLuint QOpenGLContext::defaultFramebufferObject() const

Call this to get the default framebuffer object for the current surface.

On some platforms (for instance, iOS) the default framebuffer object depends on the surface being rendered to, and might be different from 0. Thus, instead of calling glBindFramebuffer(0), you should call glBindFramebuffer(ctx->defaultFramebufferObject()) if you want your application to work across different Qt platforms.

If you use the glBindFramebuffer() in QOpenGLFunctions you do not have to worry about this, as it automatically binds the current context's defaultFramebufferObject() when 0 is passed.

Note: Widgets that render via framebuffer objects, like QOpenGLWidget and QQuickWidget, will override the value returned from this function when painting is active, because at that time the correct "default" framebuffer is the widget's associated backing framebuffer, not the platform-specific one belonging to the top-level window's surface. This ensures the expected behavior for this function and other classes relying on it (for example, QOpenGLFramebufferObject::bindDefault() or QOpenGLFramebufferObject::release()).

See also QOpenGLFramebufferObject.

### void QOpenGLContext::doneCurrent()

Convenience function for calling makeCurrent with a 0 surface.

This results in no context being current in the current thread.

See also makeCurrent() and currentContext().

### QSet<QByteArray> QOpenGLContext::extensions() const

Returns the set of OpenGL extensions supported by this context.

The context or a sharing context must be current.

See also hasExtension().

### QOpenGLExtraFunctions *QOpenGLContext::extraFunctions() const

Get the QOpenGLExtraFunctions instance for this context.

QOpenGLContext offers this as a convenient way to access QOpenGLExtraFunctions without having to manage it manually.

The context or a sharing context must be current.

The returned QOpenGLExtraFunctions instance is ready to be used and it does not need initializeOpenGLFunctions() to be called.

Note: QOpenGLExtraFunctions contains functionality that is not guaranteed to be available at runtime. Runtime availability depends on the platform, graphics driver, and the OpenGL version requested by the application.

See also QOpenGLFunctions and QOpenGLExtraFunctions.

### QSurfaceFormat QOpenGLContext::format() const

Returns the format of the underlying platform context, if create() has been called.

Otherwise, returns the requested format.

The requested and the actual format may differ. Requesting a given OpenGL version does not mean the resulting context will target exactly the requested version. It is only guaranteed that the version/profile/options combination for the created context is compatible with the request, as long as the driver is able to provide such a context.

For example, requesting an OpenGL version 3.x core profile context may result in an OpenGL 4.x core profile context. Similarly, a request for OpenGL 2.1 may result in an OpenGL 3.0 context with deprecated functions enabled. Finally, depending on the driver, unsupported versions may result in either a context creation failure or in a context for the highest supported version.

Similar differences are possible in the buffer sizes, for example, the resulting context may have a larger depth buffer than requested. This is perfectly normal.

See also setFormat().

### QOpenGLFunctions *QOpenGLContext::functions() const

Get the QOpenGLFunctions instance for this context.

QOpenGLContext offers this as a convenient way to access QOpenGLFunctions without having to manage it manually.

The context or a sharing context must be current.

The returned QOpenGLFunctions instance is ready to be used and it does not need initializeOpenGLFunctions() to be called.

### QFunctionPointer QOpenGLContext::getProcAddress(const QByteArray &procName) const

Resolves the function pointer to an OpenGL extension function, identified by procName

Returns 0 if no such function can be found.

### `[static]` QOpenGLContext *QOpenGLContext::globalShareContext()

Returns the application-wide shared OpenGL context, if present. Otherwise, returns a null pointer.

This is useful if you need to upload OpenGL objects (buffers, textures, etc.) before creating or showing a QOpenGLWidget or QQuickWidget.

Note: You must set the Qt::AA_ShareOpenGLContexts flag on QGuiApplication before creating the QGuiApplication object, otherwise Qt may not create a global shared context.

Warning: Do not attempt to make the context returned by this function current on any surface. Instead, you can create a new context which shares with the global one, and then make the new context current.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See also Qt::AA_ShareOpenGLContexts, setShareContext(), and makeCurrent().

### bool QOpenGLContext::hasExtension(const QByteArray &extension) const

Returns `true` if this OpenGL context supports the specified OpenGL extension, `false` otherwise.

The context or a sharing context must be current.

See also extensions().

### bool QOpenGLContext::isOpenGLES() const

Returns true if the context is an OpenGL ES context.

If the context has not yet been created, the result is based on the requested format set via setFormat().

This function was introduced in Qt 5.3.

See also create(), format(), and setFormat().

### bool QOpenGLContext::isValid() const

Returns if this context is valid, i.e. has been successfully created.

On some platforms the return value of `false` for a context that was successfully created previously indicates that the OpenGL context was lost.

The typical way to handle context loss scenarios in applications is to check via this function whenever makeCurrent() fails and returns `false`. If this function then returns `false`, recreate the underlying native OpenGL context by calling create(), call makeCurrent() again and then reinitialize all OpenGL resources.

See also create().

### bool QOpenGLContext::makeCurrent(QSurface *surface)

Makes the context current in the current thread, against the given surface. Returns `true` if successful.

If surface is 0 this is equivalent to calling doneCurrent().

Do not call this function from a different thread than the one the QOpenGLContext instance lives in. If you wish to use QOpenGLContext from a different thread you should first call make sure it's not current in the current thread, by calling doneCurrent() if necessary. Then call moveToThread(otherThread) before using it in the other thread.

See also functions() and doneCurrent().

### QVariant QOpenGLContext::nativeHandle() const

Returns the native handle for the context.

This function provides access to the QOpenGLContext's underlying native context. The returned variant contains a platform-specific value type. These classes can be found in the module QtPlatformHeaders.

On platforms where retrieving the native handle is not supported, or if neither create() nor setNativeHandle() was called, a null variant is returned.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

See also setNativeHandle().

### `[static]` void *QOpenGLContext::openGLModuleHandle()

Returns the platform-specific handle for the OpenGL implementation that is currently in use. (for example, a HMODULE on Windows)

On platforms that do not use dynamic GL switch the return value is null.

The library might be GL-only, meaning that windowing system interface functions (for example EGL) may live in another, separate library.

Note: This function requires that the QGuiApplication instance is already created.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.3.

See also openGLModuleType().

### `[static]` OpenGLModuleType QOpenGLContext::openGLModuleType()

Returns the underlying OpenGL implementation type.

On platforms where the OpenGL implementation is not dynamically loaded, the return value is determined during compile time and never changes.

Note: A desktop OpenGL implementation may be capable of creating ES-compatible contexts too. Therefore in most cases it is more appropriate to check QSurfaceFormat::renderableType() or using the the convenience function isOpenGLES().

Note: This function requires that the QGuiApplication instance is already created.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.3.

### QScreen *QOpenGLContext::screen() const

Returns the screen the context was created for.

See also setScreen().

### void QOpenGLContext::setFormat(const QSurfaceFormat &format)

Sets the format the OpenGL context should be compatible with. You need to call create() before it takes effect.

When the format is not explicitly set via this function, the format returned by QSurfaceFormat::defaultFormat() will be used. This means that when having multiple contexts, individual calls to this function can be replaced by one single call to QSurfaceFormat::setDefaultFormat() before creating the first context.

See also format().

### void QOpenGLContext::setNativeHandle(const QVariant &handle)

Set the native handles for this context. When create() is called and a native handle is set, configuration settings, like format(), are ignored since this QOpenGLContext will wrap an already created native context instead of creating a new one from scratch.

On some platforms the native context handle is not sufficient and other related handles (for example, for a window or display) have to be provided in addition. Therefore handle is variant containing a platform-specific value type. These classes can be found in the QtPlatformHeaders module.

When create() is called with native handles set, QOpenGLContext does not take ownership of the handles, so destroying the QOpenGLContext does not destroy the native context.

Note: Some frameworks track the current context and surfaces internally. Making the adopted QOpenGLContext current via Qt will have no effect on such other frameworks' internal state. Therefore a subsequent makeCurrent done via the other framework may have no effect. It is therefore advisable to make explicit calls to make no context and surface current to reset the other frameworks' internal state after performing OpenGL operations via Qt.

Note: Using foreign contexts with Qt windows and Qt contexts with windows and surfaces created by other frameworks may give unexpected results, depending on the platform, due to potential mismatches in context and window pixel formats. To make sure this does not happen, avoid making contexts and surfaces from different frameworks current together. Instead, prefer approaches based on context sharing where OpenGL resources like textures are accessible both from Qt's and the foreign framework's contexts.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

See also nativeHandle().

### void QOpenGLContext::setScreen(QScreen *screen)

Sets the screen the OpenGL context should be valid for. You need to call create() before it takes effect.

See also screen().

### void QOpenGLContext::setShareContext(QOpenGLContext *shareContext)

Makes this context share textures, shaders, and other OpenGL resources with shareContext. You need to call create() before it takes effect.

See also shareContext().

### QOpenGLContext *QOpenGLContext::shareContext() const

Returns the share context this context was created with.

If the underlying platform was not able to support the requested sharing, this will return 0.

See also setShareContext().

### QOpenGLContextGroup *QOpenGLContext::shareGroup() const

Returns the share group this context belongs to.

### `[static]` bool QOpenGLContext::supportsThreadedOpenGL()

Returns `true` if the platform supports OpenGL rendering outside the main (gui) thread.

The value is controlled by the platform plugin in use and may also depend on the graphics drivers.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

### QSurface *QOpenGLContext::surface() const

Returns the surface the context has been made current with.

This is the surface passed as an argument to makeCurrent().

### void QOpenGLContext::swapBuffers(QSurface *surface)

Swap the back and front buffers of surface.

Call this to finish a frame of OpenGL rendering, and make sure to call makeCurrent() again before you begin a new frame.

### QAbstractOpenGLFunctions *QOpenGLContext::versionFunctions(const QOpenGLVersionProfile &versionProfile = QOpenGLVersionProfile()) const

Returns a pointer to an object that provides access to all functions for the versionProfile of this context. There is no need to call QAbstractOpenGLFunctions::initializeOpenGLFunctions() as long as this context is current. It is also possible to call this function when the context is not current, but in that case it is the caller's responsibility to ensure proper initialization by calling QAbstractOpenGLFunctions::initializeOpenGLFunctions() afterwards.

Usually one would use the template version of this function to automatically have the result cast to the correct type.

### TYPE *QOpenGLContext::versionFunctions() const

This function overloads versionFunctions().

Returns a pointer to an object that provides access to all functions for the version and profile of this context. There is no need to call QAbstractOpenGLFunctions::initializeOpenGLFunctions() as long as this context is current. It is also possible to call this function when the context is not current, but in that case it is the caller's responsibility to ensure proper initialization by calling QAbstractOpenGLFunctions::initializeOpenGLFunctions() afterwards.

Usually one would use the template version of this function to automatically have the result cast to the correct type.

      QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core* funcs = 0;
      funcs = context->versionFunctions<QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core>();
      if (!funcs) {
          qWarning() << "Could not obtain required OpenGL context version";
          exit(1);
      }

It is possible to request a functions object for a different version and profile than that for which the context was created. To do this either use the template version of this function specifying the desired functions object type as the template parameter or by passing in a QOpenGLVersionProfile object as an argument to the non-template function.

Note that requests for function objects of other versions or profiles can fail and in doing so will return a null pointer. Situations in which creation of the functions object can fail are if the request cannot be satisfied due to asking for functions that are not in the version or profile of this context. For example:

- Requesting a 3.3 core profile functions object would succeed.
- Requesting a 3.3 compatibility profile functions object would fail. We would fail to resolve the deprecated functions.
- Requesting a 4.3 core profile functions object would fail. We would fail to resolve the new core functions introduced in versions 4.0-4.3.
- Requesting a 3.1 functions object would succeed. There is nothing in 3.1 that is not also in 3.3 core.

Note that if creating a functions object via this method that the QOpenGLContext retains ownership of the object. This is to allow the object to be cached and shared.