% User Documentation for the Itrans Package, Devanagari Devnac PostScript Font
% Use for Sanskrit, Hindi, and Marathi Languages

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage[preprocess]{itrans} % Ross Moore's extensions to latex2html

\usepackage{html} % from standard latex2html package
    % if you do not have html.sty in your machine, change the html to
    % htmlstub (htmlstub.sty is included in the ITRANS/lib directory)

\portraitpage	% defined in itrans.sty (idevn.tex), get a larger page size

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.25}
\newcommand{\rarrow}{\mbox{---\hspace{-8pt}$>$}}
\newcommand{\SM}{\char35hindi}
\newcommand{\EM}{\char35endhindi}
\newfont{\devnf}{dnh at 15pt}
%\newfont{\devnf}{dnho at 15pt} % the oblique version 
%\newfont{\devnf}{dnhrc at 10pt} % the scaled down (x-axis) version
\hyphenchar\devnf=-1 % disable hyphenation using this font

#hindiifm=dvnc.ifm
#hindifont=\devnf

\begin{document}

\footnotetext[0]{Last modification: \today}

\centerline{\bf Transliteration Map}
\medskip
\centerline{\LARGE\bf DEVNAC font}
\medskip
\centerline{\bf (Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit)}
\bigskip
\centerline{\bf itrans}
\smallskip
\centerline{\bf \copyright 1991--1998 Avinash Chopde}

\section{Fonts Available}

\subsection{\TeX\ Interface}

The devanagari font is called {\em devnac}, and its PostScript description
resides in the file {\em devnac.ps}.
It is a user-defined type III PostScript font.
Four fonts, variations on the basic devnac font, are bundled with the  itrans
package.
Their names (in the \TeX\ interface) are dnh, dnho, dnhrc, and dnhre.

\begin{description}
\item [dnh] This is the basic devanagari font. There are some other fonts
available, derived by transforming this font.
\item [dnho] This is the slanted version of {\em dnh}.
\item [dnhrc] Both {\em dnho} and {\em dnh} look extremely heavy.
A scaled down, compressed version
(along the x-axis) of the basic font is available as {\em dnhrc}.
\item[dnhre] This is heavier than {\em dnh}, to be used as a bold version.
\end{description}

Since these are PostScript fonts,  you can use them at any font size in
your document. 
In fact, the  font size must be specified when loading in the font.
In this document (and in idoc.itx), the following line was used for
loading the font:

\noindent\verb+\newfont{\devnf}{dnh at 15pt}+.

Even though this document has been typeset using a 11 point size, the
devanagari font is loaded in at 15 point size.
This is just to emphasize the devanagari characters.
Normally, I would suggest loading in the font at 15-20\% greater size than
the other text in the document.
So, if your document is being typeset at 11 point, load in the devanagari
fonts using a 13 point size.
Of course, this relation of size is important only if you wish to mix
english and devanagari in the same document.
In any case, go wild, experiment with various font sizes.
Since the characters are described as outlines in bezier curve form,
smaller point sizes do not look too good on a 300dpi output device, the
larger the font size, the better the shapes look.

\subsection{\LaTeX\ Interface}

In ITRANS version 5.2, apart from the addition of a new style file named
\texttt{itrans.sty}, a font definition file for Devnac was also added.
The file is named \texttt{Udvnc.fd}, and it can be used to load this font
using \LaTeX2e commands where the font encoding is \texttt{U} (unknown)
and the font family is \texttt{dvnc}. Thus, the following can be used
to load the medium series with normal shape:

\verb=\usefont{U}{dvnc}{m}{n}=
and then to select a size and baselineskip:
\verb=\fontsize{18pt}{24pt}\selectfont=

The above will load the \texttt{dnh} version of this font.

\verb=\usefont{U}{dvnc}{b}{sl}=
will load the \texttt{dnho} version, and

\verb=\usefont{U}{dvnc}{c}{n}=
will load the \texttt{dnhrc} version, and

\verb=\usefont{U}{dvnc}{bx}{n}=
will load the \texttt{dnhre} version.

\subsection{Textual Interface - PostScript}

A direct PostScript interface is supported. HTML and Unicode (UTF-8)
are not supported for this font.

This interface does not offer any wordprocessing capabilities other
than that of checking when a page is complete, and then
resetting the current point to the top of the next page.
Thus, all spaces, lines, etc from the input text appear
in the output too.

For the  PostScript mode, the user may also directly invoke
PostScript commands to create various versions of the font, as required.
Refer to PostScript language manuals for specific help regarding the
PostScript font manipulation commands.
If you decide to go this route, take a look at the file {\em itrans.pro},
it is the prologue that gets sent to the printer.
It contains definitions of various commands such as {\em normalfont},
{\em slantfont}, {\em compressedfont}, etc, which may be used to change
the font being used.
These PostScript functions take a single argument:~the font size to use.
All this and more information can be obtained from the prologue file, {\em
itrans.pro}, and PostScript users should take a look at it.
For example usage, look through the sample input files provided.
Files ending in {\em .ips} are the direct PostScript input files, itrans
(with the -P option) directly produces PostScript output for these files.

The file {\em devnac.ps} contains the PostScript
language program for this devanagari font.

\subsection{Sanskrit, Hindi and Marathi}

The single IFM file {\em dvnc.ifm} can be used for
Sanskrit, Hindi or Marathi output.

The marathi form of ra-half is available through the {\tt R}
character, the second LA is at {\tt L} (or {\tt ld}), etc.
The table displays the complete mapping from English to Devanagari
for all the three Indic Scripts.

\subsection{Text Interface - Unicode (UTF-8) for Sanskrit, Hindi, and Marathi}

IFM file to use is named {\em udvng.ifm}.

Unicode (UTF-8) output is supported for this the Devanagari script, but no
Unicode fonts are included with the ITRANS package. There are many
Unicode fonts available on the  Web, and more are being developed
so it should be easy to locate a Unicode font when needed. Not all
Unicode fonts fully support Indian Languages yet.

\section{Known Problems}

In the \TeX\ interface, characters with any non-zero Y offset are
not correctly printed in some cases, when the PostScript font Devnac
is used.
I have only seen this happen for the {#hindi da#endhindi} consonant,
in cases such as the da-u consonant-vowel, or the da-ra ligature, words
such as {\em draaviiDa} (#hindi draaviiDa#endhindi) or {\em dukaanaat}
{#hindi dukaanaat#endhindi}.
Note that it is only in certain cases that the
word is printed incorrectly, in most cases it is handled correctly.
Usually, when the word appears near the end of the line, \TeX\ (or
dvips, I'm inclined to think it is dvips)
inserts a negative kern just before the character with a
non-zero Y offset, and the word appears squashed up at that point.
Have no remedy for this, only workaround is to force a line break before the
problem word, it usually sets everything right.

I have never encountered this problem when using Frans Velthuis's Devnag
font with the itrans package, therefore this problem is probably related
to the use of PostScript fonts in \TeX.

\bigskip\hrule
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{htmlonly}
\section{Devanagari Table}
\end{htmlonly}

\begin{table}[hp]
\begin{center}
\vspace*{-0.5in}\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{1in}}c@{\hspace{1in}}c}
% --- first col is vowels inside a tabular
\begin{makeimage}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Vowels} \\
\hline
{#hindi a #endhindi}	& {\tt a} \\ \hline
{#hindi aa #endhindi}	& {\tt aa {\it or} A} \\ \hline
{#hindi i #endhindi}	& {\tt i} \\ \hline
{#hindi ii #endhindi}	& {\tt ii {\it or} I} \\ \hline
{#hindi u #endhindi}	& {\tt u} \\ \hline
{#hindi uu #endhindi}	& {\tt uu {\it or} U} \\ \hline
{#hindi R^i #endhindi}	& {\tt RRi {\it or} R\char`^i} \\ \hline
{#hindi e #endhindi}	& {\tt e} \\ \hline
{#hindi ai #endhindi}	& {\tt ai} \\ \hline
{#hindi o #endhindi}	& {\tt o} \\ \hline
{#hindi au #endhindi}	& {\tt au} \\ \hline
{#hindi aM #endhindi}	& {\tt {\it a}M} \\ \hline
{#hindi aH #endhindi}	& {\tt {\it a}H} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{2}{c}{} \\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{} \\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Digits} \\
\hline
{#hindi 0 #endhindi}	& {\tt 0} \\ \hline
{#hindi 1 #endhindi}	& {\tt 1} \\ \hline
{#hindi 2 #endhindi}	& {\tt 2} \\ \hline
{#hindi 3 #endhindi}	& {\tt 3} \\ \hline
{#hindi 4 #endhindi}	& {\tt 4} \\ \hline
{#hindi 5 #endhindi}	& {\tt 5} \\ \hline
{#hindi 6 #endhindi}	& {\tt 6} \\ \hline
{#hindi 7 #endhindi}	& {\tt 7} \\ \hline
{#hindi 8 #endhindi}	& {\tt 8} \\ \hline
{#hindi 9 #endhindi}	& {\tt 9} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{makeimage}
% --- end first col 
&
% --- second col is consonants 
\begin{makeimage}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Consonants} \\
\hline
{#hindi ka  #endhindi}	& {\tt k{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi kha  #endhindi}	& {\tt kh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ga  #endhindi}	& {\tt g{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi gha  #endhindi}	& {\tt gh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ~Na  #endhindi}	& {\tt \char`~N{\it a or} N\char`^{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi cha  #endhindi}	& {\tt ch{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi chha  #endhindi}	& {\tt chh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ja  #endhindi}	& {\tt j{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi jha  #endhindi}	& {\tt jh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ~na  #endhindi}	& {\tt \char`~n{\it a or} JN{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi Ta  #endhindi}	& {\tt T{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi Tha  #endhindi}	& {\tt Th{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi Da  #endhindi}	& {\tt D{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi Dha  #endhindi}	& {\tt Dh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi Na  #endhindi}	& {\tt N{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ta  #endhindi}	& {\tt t{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi tha  #endhindi}	& {\tt th{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi da  #endhindi}	& {\tt d{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi dha  #endhindi}	& {\tt dh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi na  #endhindi}	& {\tt n{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi pa  #endhindi}	& {\tt p{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi pha  #endhindi}	& {\tt ph{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ba  #endhindi}	& {\tt b{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi bha  #endhindi}	& {\tt bh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ma  #endhindi}	& {\tt m{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ya  #endhindi}	& {\tt y{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ra  #endhindi}	& {\tt r{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi la  #endhindi}	& {\tt l{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi va  #endhindi}	& {\tt v{\it a or} w{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi sha  #endhindi}	& {\tt sh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi Sha  #endhindi}	& {\tt Sh{\it a or} shh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi sa  #endhindi}	& {\tt s{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi ha  #endhindi}	& {\tt h{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi lda  #endhindi}	& {\tt ld{\it a or} L{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi kSha  #endhindi}	& {\tt kSh{\it a or} x{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi j~na  #endhindi}	& {\tt j\char`~n{\it a or} GY{\it a}} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{makeimage}
% --- end second col 
&
% --- third col of specials/accents inside a tabular
\begin{makeimage}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Specials/Accents} \\
\hline
{#hindi qa  #endhindi}	& {\tt q{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi Ka  #endhindi}	& {\tt K{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi Ga  #endhindi}	& {\tt G{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi za  #endhindi}	& {\tt J{\it a or} z{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi fa  #endhindi}	& {\tt f{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi .Da  #endhindi}	& {\tt .D{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi .Dha  #endhindi}	& {\tt .Dh{\it a}} \\ \hline
{#hindi AUM #endhindi}	& {\tt AUM} or {\tt OM} \\ \hline
{#hindi Rga #endhindi} & {\tt R{\it ga}} \\ \hline
{#hindi rga #endhindi} & {\tt rga {\it or} {\it ga}\char`^r} \\ \hline
{#hindi ga.n #endhindi} & {\tt {\it ga}.n} \\ \hline
{#hindi aa.c #endhindi} & {\tt {\it aa}.c} \\ \hline
{#hindi Da.N #endhindi} & {\tt {\it Da}.N} \\ \hline
{#hindi D.h #endhindi} & {\tt {\it D}.h} \\ \hline
{#hindi duH #endhindi} & {\tt {\it du}H} \\ \hline
{#hindi .a #endhindi} & {\tt .a} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{makeimage}
\\
\end{tabular} % end the larger tabular encompassing all four tables
\hfill
\\
\end{center}
\caption {\bf ITRANS: Devanagari to English Transliteration Table.}
\label{ienc}
\end{table}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{htmlonly}
\section{Examples}
\end{htmlonly}

\begin{table}[hp]
\begin{center}
\begin{makeimage}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Sample Letters} \\
\hline
{#hindi ka kaa ki kii ku kuu #endhindi}
& {\tt ka kaa ki kii ku kuu} \\ \hline
{#hindi s.h sa saa si sii su suu #endhindi}
& {\tt s.h sa saa si sii su suu} \\ \hline
{#hindi khRRi khe khai khaM khaH kha.c kha.N #endhindi}
& {\tt khRRi khe khai khaM khaH kha.c kha.N} \\ \hline
{#hindi De Dai DaM DaH Da.c Da.N #endhindi}
& {\tt De Dai DaM DaH Da.c Da.N} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{makeimage}
\\
\vspace{0.1in}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Sample Words} \\
% --- first col
\begin{makeimage}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
{#hindi bhaagya #endhindi} & {\tt bhaagya} \\ \hline
{#hindi raajya #endhindi}	& {\tt raajya} \\ \hline
{#hindi vidyaa #endhindi}	& {\tt vidyaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi shishhya #endhindi}	& {\tt shishhya} \\ \hline
{#hindi mukhya #endhindi}	& {\tt mukhya} \\ \hline
{#hindi gaaDyaa #endhindi}	& {\tt gaaDyaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi tyaag #endhindi}	& {\tt tyaag} \\ \hline
{#hindi dhyaan #endhindi}	& {\tt dhyaan} \\ \hline
{#hindi nyaay #endhindi}	& {\tt nyaay} \\ \hline
{#hindi shyaam #endhindi}	& {\tt shyaam} \\ \hline
{#hindi jyot #endhindi}	& {\tt jyot} \\ \hline
{#hindi manushhy #endhindi}	& {\tt manushhy} \\ \hline
{#hindi chaa.ndaNyaa #endhindi} & {\tt chaa.ndaNyaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi abhyaas #endhindi}	& {\tt abhyaas} \\ \hline
{#hindi kalyaaN #endhindi}	& {\tt kalyaaN} \\ \hline
{#hindi ghaDyaald #endhindi}	& {\tt ghaDyaald} \\ \hline
{#hindi kachchaa #endhindi}	& {\tt kachchaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi khaD.hDaa #endhindi}	& {\tt khaD.hDaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi gaTh.hThaa #endhindi}	& {\tt gaTh.hThaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi dhakkaa #endhindi}	& {\tt dhakkaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi pattaa #endhindi}	& {\tt pattaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi tippat #endhindi}	& {\tt tippat} \\ \hline
{#hindi pannaas #endhindi}	& {\tt pannaas} \\ \hline
{#hindi sajjan #endhindi}	& {\tt sajjan} \\ \hline
{#hindi pustak #endhindi}	& {\tt pustak} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{makeimage}
% --- end first col 
&
% --- second col 
\begin{makeimage}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
{#hindi kasturii #endhindi}	& {\tt kasturii} \\ \hline
{#hindi naastik #endhindi}	& {\tt naastik} \\ \hline
{#hindi praapt #endhindi}	& {\tt praapt} \\ \hline
{#hindi swata.ntr #endhindi} & {\tt swata.ntr} \\ \hline
{#hindi svaata.ntrya #endhindi} & {\tt svaata.ntrya} \\ \hline
{#hindi dhvanii #endhindi}	& {\tt dhvanii} \\ \hline
{#hindi goshhT #endhindi}	& {\tt goshhT} \\ \hline
{#hindi yud.hdh #endhindi}	& {\tt yud.hdh} \\ \hline
{#hindi yuddh #endhindi}	& {\tt yuddh} \\ \hline
{#hindi pashchim #endhindi}	& {\tt pashchim} \\ \hline
{#hindi phakt #endhindi}	& {\tt phakt} \\ \hline
{#hindi tarhaa #endhindi}	& {\tt tarhaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi arth #endhindi}	& {\tt arth} \\ \hline
{#hindi kartaa #endhindi}	& {\tt kartaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi gardii #endhindi}	& {\tt gardii} \\ \hline
{#hindi nirNay #endhindi}	& {\tt nirNay} \\ \hline
{#hindi patr #endhindi}	& {\tt patr} \\ \hline
{#hindi trikoN #endhindi}	& {\tt trikoN} \\ \hline
{#hindi shraavaN #endhindi}	& {\tt shraavaN} \\ \hline
{#hindi aashram #endhindi}	& {\tt aashram} \\ \hline
{#hindi shushruushhaa #endhindi} & {\tt shushruushhaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi gra.nth #endhindi}	& {\tt gra.nth} \\ \hline
{#hindi prajaa #endhindi}	& {\tt prajaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi draakShe #endhindi}	& {\tt draakShe} \\ \hline
{#hindi gRRihasth #endhindi}	& {\tt gRRihasth} \\ \hline
{#hindi prakR^itii #endhindi}	& {\tt prakR\char`^itii} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{makeimage}
\\
\end{tabular} % big tabular, nests two tabulars
\end{center}
\caption {\bf Examples}
\end{table}


\begin{table}[hp]
\begin{center}
\begin{makeimage}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
{#hindi nairR^itya #endhindi} & {\tt nairR\char`^itya} \\ \hline
{#hindi shubhr #endhindi}	& {\tt shubhr} \\ \hline
{#hindi sahastr #endhindi}	& {\tt sahastr} \\ \hline
{#hindi kriiDaa #endhindi}	& {\tt kriiDaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi svachchh #endhindi}	& {\tt svachchh} \\ \hline
{#hindi svaruup #endhindi}	& {\tt svaruup} \\ \hline
{#hindi Trak #endhindi}	& {\tt Trak} \\ \hline
{#hindi aamhii #endhindi}	& {\tt aamhii} \\ \hline
{#hindi chaturthii #endhindi} & {\tt chaturthii} \\ \hline
{#hindi RRituu #endhindi}	& {\tt RRituu} \\ \hline
{#hindi aa.cktobar #endhindi} & {\tt aa.cktobar} \\ \hline
{#hindi novhe.nbar #endhindi} & {\tt novhe.nbar} \\ \hline
{#hindi gra.cm #endhindi}	& {\tt gra.cm} \\ \hline
{#hindi uu.Nchaa #endhindi}	& {\tt uu.Nchaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi bailagaaDii #endhindi} & {\tt bailagaaDii} \\ \hline
{#hindi gurud.hvaaraa #endhindi} & {\tt gurud.hvaaraa}\\ \hline
{#hindi gurudvaaraa #endhindi} & {\tt gurudvaaraa}\\ \hline
{#hindi niraaldyaa #endhindi} & {\tt niraaldyaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi GYaan #endhindi}	& {\tt GYaan} \\ \hline
{#hindi meka.cnik #endhindi} & {\tt meka.cnik} \\ \hline
{#hindi mhais #endhindi}	& {\tt mhais} \\ \hline
{#hindi deNaaryaa #endhindi}	& {\tt deNaaryaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi pratishhThaa #endhindi} & {\tt pratishhThaa} \\ \hline
{#hindi itihaas #endhindi} & {\tt itihaas} \\ \hline
{#hindi aasthaabaddh #endhindi} & {\tt aasthaabaddh} \\ \hline
{#hindi a.ntarraashhTriiy #endhindi} & {\tt a.ntarraashhTriiy} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{makeimage}
\end{center}
\smallskip
\caption {\bf More Examples}
\end{table}

\vspace*{1pt}\vfill

\section{Author and Font Developer}

\noindent
The Devnac font has been developed by Avinash Chopde. \\
E-mail:
\htmladdnormallink{\texttt{avinash@acm.org}}{mailto:avinash@acm.org}. \\
Home page:
\htmladdnormallink{\texttt{http://www.aczone.com/}}{http://www.aczone.com/}

\end{document}
