KTRACE(2)

NAME
ktrace - process tracing

LIBRARY
libc

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/ktrace.h>
int
ktrace(const char *tracefile, int ops, int trpoints, int pid);

DESCRIPTION
The ktrace() system call enables or disables tracing of one or more processes. Users may only trace their own processes. Only the super-user can trace setuid or setgid programs.

The tracefile argument gives the pathname of the file to be used for tracing. The file must exist and be a regular file writable by the calling process. All trace records are always appended to the file, so the file must be truncated to zero length to discard previous trace data. If tracing points are being disabled (see KTROP_CLEAR below), tracefile may be NULL.

The ops argument specifies the requested ktrace operation. The defined operations are:
KTROP_SET | Enable trace points specified in
trpoints.
KTROP_CLEAR | Disable trace points specified in
trpoints.
KTROP_CLEARFILE | Stop all tracing.
KTRFLAG_DESCEND | The tracing change should apply to the
specified process and all its current children.

The trpoints argument specifies the trace points of interest. The defined trace points are:
KTRFAC_SYSCALL | Trace system calls.
KTRFAC_SYSRET | Trace return values from system calls.
KTRFAC_NAMEI | Trace name lookup operations.
KTRFAC_GENIO | Trace all I/O (note that this option can
generate much output).
KTRFAC_PSIG | Trace posted signals.
KTRFAC_CSW | Trace context switch points.
KTRFAC_USER | Trace application-specific events.
KTRFAC_STRUCT | Trace certain data structures.
KTRFAC_SYSCTL | Trace sysctls.
KTRFAC_PROCCTOR | Trace process construction.
KTRFAC_PROCDTOR | Trace process destruction.
KTRFAC_CAPFAIL | Trace capability failures.
KTRFAC_FAULT | Trace page faults.
KTRFAC_FAULTEND | Trace the end of page faults.
KTRFAC_STRUCT_ARRAY | Trace arrays of certain data structures.
KTRFAC_INHERIT | Inherit tracing to future children.

Each tracing event outputs a record composed of a generic header followed by a trace point specific structure. The generic header is:

    struct ktr_header {
    	int		ktr_len;		/* length of buf */
    	short		ktr_type;		/* trace record type */
    	pid_t		ktr_pid;		/* process id */
    	char		ktr_comm[MAXCOMLEN+1];	/* command name */
    	struct timeval	ktr_time;		/* timestamp */
    	long		ktr_tid;		/* thread id */
    };

The ktr_len field specifies the length of the ktr_type data that follows this header. The ktr_pid and ktr_comm fields specify the process and command generating the record. The ktr_time field gives the time (with microsecond resolution) that the record was generated. The ktr_tid field holds a thread id.

The generic header is followed by ktr_len bytes of a ktr_type record. The type specific records are defined in the <sys/ktrace.h> include file.

SYSCTL TUNABLES
The following sysctl(8) tunables influence the behaviour of ktrace():

kern.ktrace.genio_size
    bounds the amount of data a traced I/O request will log to the trace file.

kern.ktrace.request_pool
    bounds the number of trace events being logged at a time.

Sysctl tunables that control process debuggability (as determined by p_candebug(9)) also affect the operation of ktrace().

RETURN VALUES

ERRORS
The ktrace() system call will fail if:

[ENOTDIR]
    A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

[ENAMETOOLONG]
    A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters, or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.

[ENOENT]
    The named tracefile does not exist.

[EACCES]
    Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.

[ELOOP]
    Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.

[EIO]
    An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.

[EINTEGRITY]
    Corrupted data was detected while reading from the file system.

[ENOSYS]
    The kernel was not compiled with ktrace support.

A thread may be unable to log one or more tracing events due to a temporary shortage of resources. This condition is remembered by the kernel, and the next tracing request that succeeds will have the flag KTR_DROP set in its ktr_type field.

SEE ALSO
kdump(1), ktrace(1), utrace(2), sysctl(8), p_candebug(9)

HISTORY
The ktrace() system call first appeared in 4.4BSD.